What coding techniques should be included to address cross-site scripting (XSS) issues?

Validating all parameters before inclusion is a key coding technique to mitigate cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities. Validation involves checking that the input data adheres to expected formats, such as ensuring that data types, lengths, and content types meet specific criteria. This process not only prevents malicious scripts from being executed but also helps maintain the integrity of the application by ensuring only safe and expected data is processed.

By implementing effective validation methods, developers can filter out unwanted input that could potentially contain harmful scripts or code. It is also essential to sanitize input data when necessary, which involves cleaning or removing potentially dangerous elements before they are used in the application. This practice is foundational in secure coding and is instrumental in protecting web applications from XSS attacks.

Regarding the other techniques mentioned, using outdated libraries poses significant risks as they may contain known vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit. Implementing obscure code does not provide actual security; rather, it often leads to maintainability issues without addressing the root cause of security problems. Allowing unrestricted user input directly opens the door for malicious actors to inject harmful scripts, which is counterproductive to securing an application against XSS.